The Critique Of Judgement Immanuel Kant - 1841 Words

Derek Marth Meaning of the Arts M. Jared Martin 4/23/15 Final Essay In 1790, Immanuel Kant created a piece of work known as the Critique of Judgement. In his work, the Critique of Judgement, Immanuel Kant moves his attention to focusing on aesthetics and what truly makes a piece of art beautiful and pleasing to the eye. Up until around the 1780s Immanuel Kant did not particularly worry or concern himself with aesthetics and how that judges an object or piece of art. It was only in the 1780s that Kant started to take an interest in the aesthetic value of objects and pieces of art. According to Kant, for an object to truly be called beautiful there are four â€Å"Moments† in which that particular object must go through. In the book, The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, Crawford tells us, â€Å"It is divided into four â€Å"Moments,† corresponding to the headings of the table of judgements in the Critique of Pure Reason: quantity, quality, relation and modality† (Crawford 52). Kant’s theory of these four moments that an object must go through in order for it to be called beautiful are a very elaborate but quite easy concept to understand. Crawford does his very best throughout this particular reading to try and make the theory as easily understandable as possible due to the somewhat hard to read language Kant uses in his original work. Immanuel Kant’s four â€Å"Moments† of quantity, quality, relation and modality, do an exceptional job of explaining what makes an object beautiful. The FirstShow MoreRelatedKant : The Father Of Enlightenment1071 Words   |  5 PagesStanford Marquis Essay 2 Kant: The Father of Enlightenment The 18th Century is referred to as the Age of Reason or Enlightenment as it was during this period that reason and individualism was advocated as a means of power. Science and reason were revolutionizing society by challenging the facts deeply rooted in tradition. This new rational way of thinking used logic to arrive at conclusions. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, was one of the primary figures of this era that cultivated reason andRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Philosophy And Philosophy1389 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper- Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was a famous philosopher whose philosophical influences impacted almost every new philosophical idea, theory, concept etc. In a sense, he was considered the central face of contemporary philosophy. Kant spent his whole life in Russia. Starting out as a tutor, to then a professor, he lectured about everything; from geography to obviously philosophy. In his early life, he was raised to emphasize faith and religious feelings over reason and theological principlesRead MoreThe Most Influential Thinkers Of The German Enlightenment Era1119 Words   |  5 PagesImmanuel Kant was born April 22, 1724 in Kà ¶nigsberg. Kant is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the German Enlightenment era. He could easily be labeled one of the greatest and most important Western philosophers of all time. Kant was born the fourth of nine children to Johann and Anna Kant. His father was a harness maker, and the large family lived a rather humble life. The family practiced Pietism, an 18th-century branch of the Lutheran Church. As a result of this, Kant’s earlyRead MoreIs Beauty Treated As If It Is Universal?865 Words   |  4 PagesBeauty is in the eye of the beholder, is a phrase commonly used in today s society to make a politically correct assessment of our judgement of beauty. The popularity of this quote has helped convinced the general public that it is an universally truthful statement. This statement suggests that, the perception of beauty is based on an individuals subjective judgement rather than an any empirical justifications. If the majority of the worlds population believes this statement to be true, then whyRead MoreSchool Of Humanities And Communication Arts1126 Words   |  5 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Note: An examiner or lecturer/tutor has the right not to mark this assignment if the above declaration has not been signed) Explain the following quote from Kant: ‘Beautiful is what, without a concept, is liked universally.’ (p37 of the Reader) In the exposition of the beautiful that Immanuel Kant offers in his Critique of Judgement, the second moment of the analysis states that the beautiful is that which pleases universally without a concept. The statement seeks to establish three claims andRead MoreImmanuel Kant And Kant On Morality1097 Words   |  5 Pageswhich are usually compared to one another, Immanuel Kant and David Hume. Immanuel Kant had many theories throughout his philosophical time. Here are some of his ethical works, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and the Metaphysics of Morals (1797), which contains both â€Å"the Doctrine of Right† and â€Å"the Doctrine of Virtue.† He also had some other works of importance to his moral philosophy including the Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790), ReligionRead MoreEssay The Critical Philosophy of Immanuel Kant2525 Words   |  11 PagesThe Critical Philosophy of Immanuel Kant Criticism is Kants original achievement; it identifies him as one of the greatest thinkers of mankind and as one of the most influential authors in contemporary philosophy. But it is important to understand what Kant means bycriticism, or critique. In a general sense the term refers to a general cultivation of reason by way of the secure path of science (Bxxx). More particularly, its use is not negative, but positive, a fact that finds expressionRead MoreThe Sociological Concept Of ‘Taste’ Allows Us To See How1651 Words   |  7 Pagesterms ‘aesthetics’, can be seen to stretch back as far as historical philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and David Hume in the 18th century, showing the importance it has held in the social sciences over time. The notions they proposed aided the emergence of the sociology of taste that we use as theoretical frameworks today. Immanuel Kant’s notion of ‘Aesthetics’ in his book ‘the critique of Aesthetic judgement’ (1790) regards taste as something that is both subjective and universal in nature. It isRead More Hume Vs Kant Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesexistent. Secondly, he asserted that it must have temporal priority, in that, the cause had to precede the effect. Lastly, the event must have a necessary connection- we must develop an understanding of why a cause produces a certain effect. Hume’s critique of causation is that we cannot see it, we must infer it. For example, two billiard balls, one moving toward the next demonstrate temporal priority because one ball is moving first. Secondly, constant conjunction occurs because the balls exist togetherRead MorePhilosophy Is The Idea Of Knowing One s Mind By Asking The Simplest Question1494 Words   |  6 Pagesscience, religion, logic, ethics, politics, ethics, and aesthetics. Modern philosophy is believed to have originated in Western Europe during the 17th century, forming three main divisions; The Rationalists, The Empiricists and philosophers like Immanuel Kant who had combined insights. Plato is an influential ancient Greek philosopher who studied the teachings of Socrates, and passed these precious writings onto numerous other philosophers including Aristotle. Born circa 428 BCE, Plato was the child

Kenneth C. Davis s Don t Know About History - 1753 Words

Kenneth C. Davis, the author of Don’t Know Much about History, claimed that the true discoverers of America were the people whose cultures and societies were well established here while Europe was still in the Dark Ages, the so-called Indians. For all the diversity of the First Americans, they inherited certain common traits from their old world ancestors. Reflecting their Asiatic heritage, they were generally short to medium stature, with straight black hair, light brown skin, had epicanthic fold, and prominent cheek bones – features that in 1492 reinforced Columbus’ mistaken conviction that he had reached the East Indies and prompted him to assign to the inhabitants the inaccurate yet enduring title of Indians. Indians arrived in America some 30,000 to 40,000 years ago. Archeological findings and Radiocarbon testing suggested that the prehistoric people who populated the Americas were hunters following the herds of wooly mammoths. They walked from Siberia across a land bridge into Alaska. They headed south toward warmer climates, slaughtering the mammoths as they went. As the glaciers melted, the oceans rose and covered this land bridge, creating the present-day Bering Strait and separating Alaska from Russia. By the time Christopher Columbus arrived, they were millions of what might be called First Americans or Amerindians occupying the two continents of Americas. The first noted documentation of the Beringia theory of the peopling of North America was by Jose deShow MoreRelatedThe Advantages And Disadvantages Of The American Civil War1145 Words   |  5 Pagesrailroad to transport their manufactured goods. The railroads also helped the union by sending ammunition and food quickly, but The there was a fear of being sabotaged. In the map, we can also see the South railroads were very scattered. The South didn t have much of a need to have as many railroads because they were farming communities. 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Tourism of Hungary Free Essays

After the turn of the century tourism of Hungary was not considerable. The only destinations were the capital, some more famous provincial towns and spas. In the years after the World War I tourism of the country regressed. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism of Hungary or any similar topic only for you Order Now The conscious expansion of tourism began in 1920. Between the two World Wars Budapest had significant tourism traffic, Lake Balaton, mountains of Matra and Bukk, Danube Bend, certain provincial towns and villages, which were rich in folk art values, were important destinations. After World War II the international tourism reduced to a minimum in our country. However, in this time the inland tourism started to increase quickly. In 1960, as the political atmosphere eased, the number of foreign tourists grew. At first the most of these tourists came from the socialist countries. After the 1990’s the number of foreign tourists approached 40 million. It goes without saying that Lake Balaton was a remarkable attraction among German tourists because its closeness and cheapness in comparision with the seaside. But this meant incomeonly in the summer for Hungarian tourism. Nowadays, in any periods of the year, who comes here can find various pastimes to their taste. Hungary is exuberant in thermal and curative wells, due to that in the recent years the number of wellness hotels raised. These attracts mainly adults and families with children. Lately Hungary became a popular destination among young people because of countless festivals organized in the country, such as VOLT and Sziget Festival which are visited by people from all around the world. In the section of cultural tourism should be mentioned the outstanding Hungarian theaters and the world-famed Ballet Association of Gyor. For any age-groups can be luring the innumerable natural beauties, landscapes and attractions which are parts of the World Heritage. There are variant areas that delights everyone’s eyes with its folklore. The most independent activity from weather is sightseeing. Still the most beloved city of Hungary is Budapest, but other cities and towns such as DebrecenGyor and Pecs are becoming more popular day by day. By the way Pecs is going to be the cultural capital of Europe in 2010. Last but not least we can not forget about Hungarian gastronomy, the delicious dishes and the prominent wines of Tokaj wine-district. How to cite Tourism of Hungary, Papers

Determine the Tax Implications Tom Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Determine the Tax Implications Tom Ltd. Answer: Major Facts Tom Ltd is an Australian company which is involved in the business of selling clothes. Following transactions have taken place. Stock worth $180,000 has been purchased for the year $ 10,000 has been paid as bonus to the CEO of the company A customer who had purchased the goods on credit has defaulted with an outstanding balance of $ 10,000. Legal fees to the tune of $ 30,000 has been incurred for protection of business interests The company has received fully franked dividends to the extent of $ 35,000 while the company has paid fully franked dividends to the shareholders to the extent of $ 280,000. Issue To determine the tax implications of the various transactions underwent by Tom Ltd as highlighted above. Relevant Law A company which is incorporated in Australia is considered a tax resident of Australia. For a cloth company, the total change in stock tends to highlight the use of trading stock which would be deductible as highlighted in Section 8(1), ITAA 1997[1]. Salary and related expenses for employees are also required to derive income from running the business and hence would be deductible as highlighted in Section 8(1), ITAA 1997 and TR 98/6[2]. As per s. 63(1) , ITAA 1936 and tax ruling IT 92/18, bad debt expense is debt deductible only if previously it has been included as assessable income[3]. In accordance with ATO ID 2003/145 and s. 8-1, ITAA 1997, legal expenses related to rights and damages are not tax deductible and instead in accordance with s. 108-5, contribute to the capital base of the business[4]. With regards to fully franked dividends, the franking credit would be added to the taxable income but the deduction to the same amount can be made from the tax payable as per ATO 2012/5[5]. Application Conclusion The trading stock that would be used would be the cost of raw material used and deductible from the income for tax purposes. Trading stock used = Beginning stock + Purchases Ending stock = 120000 + 180000 -160000 = $ 140,000 The bonus paid to the CEO to the tune of $10,000 is deductible under s. 8-1. The bad debt would have been initially recognized as income on account of accrual system and thus contributed to assessable income in the past. As a result, this would be tax deductible. The legal expenses would not be tax deductible but would enhance the cost base of the asset in line with s.108-5. Dividend income received = $ 35,000 Franking credit = (30/70)*35,000 = $ 9.000 Hence, total taxable income on account of dividend = 35000 + 9000 = $ 44,000 Dividend paid = $ 280,000 Franking debit = (30/70)*280000 = $ 120,000 Thus, net balance of the franking account = 9000 120000 = -$ 111,000 Already, a tax in this regard of 15,000 has been made and thus $ 96,000 more would be need to be paid to the ATO. References Frank, Gilders, et. al., Understanding taxation law 2015. (LexisNexis, Butterworths 2015) Kerrie, Sadiq, et. al., Principles of Taxation Law 2015, (Pymont,Thomson Reuters, 2015) Robert, Deutsch, et. al., Australian tax handbook. (Pymont, Thomson Reuters, 2015) Stephen, Barkoczy,Foundation of Taxation Law 2015, (North Ryde, CCH, 2015) Gilders, Frank, et. al., Understanding taxation law 2015. (LexisNexis, Butterworths 2015), 77 Ibid. 78 Sadiq, Kerrie, et. al., Principles of Taxation Law 2015, (Pymont,Thomson Reuters, 2015), 103 Barkoczy,Stephen, Foundation of Taxation Law 2015, (North Ryde, CCH, 2015), 69-70 Deutsch, Robert, et. al., Australian tax handbook. (Pymont, Thomson Reuters, 2015), 135

The Story of the Door Essay Example For Students

The Story of the Door Essay R L Stevenson presents Mr Utterson and a stereotypical lawyer in the Victorian times. He is long and dull looking, with cold mannerisms, that was never lighted by a smile. However, he lets the audience know quickly that Mr Utterson is not what he seems. He is actually a caring person, who has many friends yes somehow loveable.  His profession is a lawyer, and therefore the audience can assume that he will be a person with a very high moral conscious, one that abides by social and government laws. He is probably reliant on his reputation, alike to most of the Victorian, who thought reputation was extremely important. We will write a custom essay on The Story of the Door specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now His appearance is introduced as an unremarkable figure. Long, dusty and probably a little old looking. |It doesnt state whether he is good-looking or ugly, therefore we must assume he has a plain exterior. This is included to make the audience think that he isnt arrogant, or shallow.  His personality is somewhat contradictive. It says that he has many friends that enjoy his company friendly circle ready made from the hands of opportunity. But also that his friends are only his friends because they share his ideals, and his way of life, people very alike to him. It does say that because he is a lawyer that he is the last reputable acquaintance to a man before his downfall. He is quiet in social situations, especially with his close friend Mr Enfield, where they hardly speak to one another. His private behaviour is confusing. He very much enjoys going to the theatre, but hasnt gone in over twenty years, indicating that he is a man that doesnt think the theatre is reputable habit, and places that above his happiness. But he also puts off business engagements for his walk with Mr Enfield, implying that one friendship is more important to him than his career.  His attitudes to others that share his profession are of a good nature. He doesnt get involved with people that go down the wrong path but is kind to his friends. But he isnt overtly emotional with them, nor does he come off as an open person. R L Stevenson intends the audience to trust Mr Utterson, because he is good natured, and doesnt do anything bad even as going to the theatre, but also he subtly make the reader think about whether they should trust him, because he puts reputation above happiness. They are not sure whether to like him, because they havent seen him be particularly nice or unkind to others around him, and there is little speech to judge him by with Mr Enfield. He does seem a curious person, who thinks about things a long time before talking about them. There are many contradictions about his character, it says that he is a cold person, but lovable at the same time. This is probably to let the audience know early, that in this book people can be more than just one type of person, which is the main theme to the book.  He has chosen to present him so early in the book, because throughout he is the backbone of the other characters, although he is not the main character, he is who we read most about, so we need to know his character before we ca go any further into the book. |Otherwise we would have to guess why he does things. Mr Enfield in different to his walking companion Mr Utterson, and we find this out with the sentence, a well known man about town which points to him being a frequently party going, and enjoying night life, which greatly contradicts his friend, who keeps himself to himself, and enjoys drinking on his own with his own thoughts and his house. He is also very open, telling his friend about something that happened to him, for no reason other than to make conversation, something the Utterson probably would have spent long time thinking about. He is more emotional; explaining how seeing the girl trampled on affected him, until he got angry. .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .postImageUrl , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:hover , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:visited , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:active { border:0!important; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:active , .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42 .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c17e0a631dff90867b81c9dc0208f42:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Handmaids Tale EssayR L Stevenson uses a lot of quick descriptive words to get across the image that the street is very busy and quick. He makes sure the read knows this is a road where well of people live, because there is well polished windows and it stands out amongst the other roads. His use of the metaphor, like a fire in a wood, means that the feeling is contagious like fire, and when you go there, you feel upbeat yourself. It then greatly differs to the description of the door, which makes you think of a rotting animal with words such as thrust forward blistered and stained. He makes sure it is very out of place, surrounded by undesirables on such thriving stree t full of happy people. It makes sure the reader associates with this door are annoying and ugly. The door, which is mentioned in great details, is a metaphor for the barrier that stands between the house and the rest of the street. It is something you can go through but it also means that there is something that isnt letting you in. When speaking about the flashback, the language is more informal, and the structure is not paragraphed.  Character of Enfield.  He doesnt tell his good friend where he has been, and this points that he may have been somewhere he shouldnt have been. He wouldnt have even told his friend if he had been doing something considered wrong, because when the book was written, reputation was everything. He also says that he didnt ask more questions about the man, because if it looks strange, the less he asks, because he doesnt want to have the burden of other peoples problems. Mr Enfield, builds up tension with his use of repetition, street after street after street and his language in describing the man is strong and vivid, by comparing him to a juggernaut, it creates a image clearly in the readers mind,. The crowd and he react to the man, in a way usually unknown; he says that he had an unbelievable desire to kill the man, for no reason. That he was so repulsive that he couldnt think of what it was that was so wrong about him. He doesnt mention that the person that made the cheque out was Harry Jekyll, because he doesnt want to think of his friend as being associated with such a bad man. He thinks that it was probably something to do with Harry doing something when he was young, and someone is blackmailing him. Utter son wants to know how the man got into the house that Enfield described as so ugly and mysterious, because they werent allowed to step into the house.

Does Claustrophobia cause people to deviate from confined areas essays

Does Claustrophobia cause people to deviate from confined areas essays Does Claustrophobia Cause People to Deviate from Confined Areas?References Does Claustrophobia cause people to deviate from confined areas? The independent variable is claustrophobia, and the dependent variable is the confined areas. Our hypothesis to this question is yes claustrophobia can be cured and reduced by cognitive behavioral therapy. The issue of claustrophobia is very important due to its impact on an individuals everyday life, since it affects a number of individuals throughout the world. A phobia is an anxiety disorder that is shown by an irrational fear of confined spaces. This phobia can cause a person to stay away form confined spaces such as a crowded store, sporting and social events, as well as elevators that could bring on this irrational fear. In society this can cause a person not to take part in certain events. This phobia can also lead to the interference with riding on public transportation such as a plane, train, bus or subway. In this our findings will be evident by the research provided. Each of these specific statements below, will help draw a conclusion about claustrophobia: 1) Fear of Restriction and Suffocation 2) The Reduction of Claustrophobia(Part 1) 3) The Reduction of Claustrophobia (Part 2) 4) Virtual Reality Treatment of Claustrophobia Claustrophobic fear is a combination of the fear of suffocation and the fear of confinement. The view on this topic is supported from the responses from a questionnaire done before, during, and after a MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan was performed. Patients who successfully completed a MRI scan found they experienced fear of confinement not suffocation. These MRI scans were done in long narrow cylindrical chambers, which are dark and restrictive as well as noisy. Although you are not in a sealed chamber, you can literally see the light at the end of the tunnel. Some other chambers that were used in other experiments were enclosed, and rest...

Exploring online consumer Behaviors Research Paper

Exploring online consumer Behaviors - Research Paper Example The primary reason for choosing public school teachers as sample participation is the diversity in income levels, demographics, family size, marital status, gender and online consumer behaviors present in this occupation. Research Procedure To test the hypothesis and address the key areas of investigation i.e. exploring the factors driving online purchases, a quantitative research methodology will be used. In deciding on the target online shopping destinations, experimental manipulation would be required in order to formulate relationship between consumer behavior and motivational characteristics. Factors such as price variability or product quality have to be controlled in order to gauge the correlation between previous online experience and consumer behavior. A sample survey prepared for assessing online consumer behavioral patterns will be distributed among the sample population through a website. The survey would seek general information as age, gender, income levels, marital sta tus and specific questions such as frequency of online shopping, nature of online shopping – specific or everyday use, satisfaction from online shopping experience, basic motivators of shopping online – price differential, ease of transaction, perceived quality, satisfaction of purchase etc and negative experiences in online shopping.

Laws and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Laws and Ethics - Essay Example In addition, laws are universal in nature as they are applicable to the whole world with comparable attributes under the same vicinity (Brown, Black & Society of Professional Journalists (U.S.), 2011). Conversely, ethics involves habits or customs that determine how individuals interact with one another. Alternatively, ethics outline what is moral for individuals and society. Law and rule applies to principles in a variety of ways that include service laws, federal guidelines, ecological laws and codes of ethics. Companies and other business oriented institutions workout the right and the wrong ways to act just like people do. For instance, when the law does not specify how a given procedure is performed, managers and plant experts must make informed decisions on achieving the key objectives. Both ethical and unethical measures will have profound impacts to the company as well as to the consumers of the product (Shaw, 2011). Laws justify the appropriate direction of dealing with an occurrence thus satisfying all the parties involved. On the other hand, ethics entails making a legal decision but not necessarily satisfying all the members involved in a dilemma or a confrontational matter. For instance, stakeholders can be harmed by a company’s ethical behavior, but they could also be left without an option to withdraw at a certain period due to binding contract agreements (Merkel, 2007). Moreover, differences between ethics and laws can be exemplified in a warranty. Warranties become a constituent of the business pact with respect to the depiction that any merchandise is intended to perform. However, most products come with limited warranty where the manufacturers can manipulate them to any fashion providing they do not infringe the law. Unfortunately, the law does not guarantee consumer direct claimant of a given product as implied in the warranty. Ethical questions may ascend

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Nursing - Essay Example From this perspective, client care for the modern nurse would differ from that of the pledge in three ways: the patient would be placed in a more cultural context, this context would be assimilated with intervention measures, and client planning would also be aligned with not only their medical needs, but also their spiritual and cultural needs. Therefore the basic assumption of the current report is that client centered care is a core concept that is held up and supported by both Nightingale’s pledge and modern nursing needs, despite there being some differences in interpretation regarding some of the cultural undertones of the pledge specifically. Just as it can be considered in Nightingale’s methods and theories, in a more modern definition of nursing, nurses must consider â€Å"meanings and interpretations given to (clients) in particular physical, ecological, sociopolitical and/or cultural settings† (Leininger, 2009). In terms of assessment, in the modern da y, interrelationships of culture and heritage are taken into greater account, so this shows an intense focus and concentration on the clients and their needs. One benefit of belonging to a professional nursing organization is that the group is more powerful than the individual. If a nurse has concerns, s/he can voice them to a receptive group who will be more powerful. From this perspective, membership has the advantage of bringing the nurse closer in communication and advocacy, with those who may share similar goals. At the same time, the nurse is empowered by being a part of something greater than them. Another benefit of the nursing organization is that nurses can receive guidance and support in terms of education from the organization, regarding how to best meet client needs. In this regard, the patient or client would be placed in a holistic context, and this context would be individualized in terms of the client’s own needs rather

Historical Institutionalism Summary and Analysis

Historical Institutionalism Summary and Analysis Introduction In this essay I will argue that Historical Institutionalism offers a superior and more comprehensive view of change than the Sociological Institutionalism or Rational Choice Institutionalism alternatives. Is important to point out that the definition of change considered for this essay is the intended or unintended consequences of a strategic set of actions taken in a precise and determined time and space, in contrast to other possibilities in the same context (Hay and Wincott, 1998). To do this I will compare the competing views of Institutional Change that are presented in Rational Choice Institutionalism, Sociological Institutionalism and Historical Institutionalism to unveil that the view of the latter is more comprehensive than the other two due to the wide scope of the concept of change and the versatility provided by the cultural and calculus approaches included in the branch. I will examine the proposal of Rational Choice Institutionalism, first. Describe shortly what this new form of Institutionalism introduces to the discipline and evaluate what the scholars of this form consider that institutional change is. Then I will show how and why their vision is narrowed and cannot really explain most of institutional change on its own. Secondly, I will analyse Sociological Institutionalism, mentioning the elemental characteristics that separates it from the other two forms of New Institutionalism. Following I will explain the engine of change for sociological institutionalism and I will point out why there is not enough comprehension of how context affect the outcomes and why it is inherently contradictory by denying Rational Choice assumptions, yet assuming rationality in the way organizations operate. Lastly I will describe Historical Institutionalism to recognize their originality and explain the ambidexterity it possesses between Rational Choice Institutionalism and Sociological Institutionalism. I will clarify the calculus and cultural approaches to understand how they bring concepts of the two previously mentioned into the historical study. On the last part I will explain why is the analysis of change superior under the branch of Historical Institutionalism than both Sociological and Rational Choice Institutionalisms by pointing out how scholars on the first one have surpassed the critiques and flaws of the other two. Rational Choice Rational Choice Institutionalism is predicated on the idea that the individuals composing a society seek utility maximization (Tsebelis, 1990). In a process of rational negotiation, individuals consciously enact the rules determined to act upon every member of society. In that way, they choose rationally the characteristics that will shape their institutions (Shepsle, 1989). In other words, institutions are, for this approach, a set of rules, agreed by society in order to set the correct behaviour under certain circumstances and in specific situations. This way conflicts are prevented and the social costs of collective actions are contained and reduced (Hall and Taylor, 1996). To understand more about this current, we need to point out that the genesis of the Rational Choice Institutionalism is the study of congressional behaviour in the United States as a way of expanding classical Rational Choice into matter that did not fit the models provided up until then by the discipline, like stability of congressional outcomes (Hall and Taylor, 1996). When referring to change in institutions, Rational Choice does not offer much explanation or even -some would argue- does not consider the existence of a possibility that institutions might change. The term renegotiation-proof must come into consideration now. This concept defines the situation where none of the actors with considerable power to change an institution are willing to do so. Since the core affirmation is that institutions are selected rationally by rational thinkers that seek to optimize their benefit within society, it is logical to understand that there was a previous negotiation process prior to the adoption of such institution, in which all the related subjects to the institution where discussed and approved by the individuals.   According to Selten (1975) an institution must be the proof of renegotiation since that particular and central characteristic provides society with the consistency that precludes any deviation of the expected behaviour, therefore eli minating the cost of instability. Since the utility and effectiveness of institutions is locked to its capability to regulate the behaviour of the members of society, changes would bring instability, confusion and unexpected set of affairs that would increase social costs. It is, thusly, understood that one of the main duties of the state and the higher governmental apparatus is to maintain the institutional arrangement among the individuals, utilizing the processes of cooperation and socialization, (i.e. education) to inculcate this and minimize the virtual perception that institution do not serve the common good (Seznick, 1949; Lipset and Rokkan, 1967; Eisenstadt and Rokkan, 1973; Widavsky, 1987; Sunstein, 1990; Greber and Jackson, 1993 in March and Olsen, 1996). Instead of changing institutions, according to Rational Choice, it is expected that institution, when faced to different context from which it emerged, apply a pre-arranged framework that can support the inclusion of the new ideas and perceptions of the society but keeping the fundamental attributes of the institution itself. Therefore we may say that beforehand, institutions provide a plan of change that is intrinsic to the institution itself, preventing the transition from one to the other but not impeding the transformation of the original one, meaning that this variations are included in the starting vision of the institution (Shepsle, 1989) In other words, institutional change would only consist of institutions following the pre-set plan. For this reason, it is my consideration that the Rational Choice Institutionalism concept of change, should be replaced and referred more precisely as Institutional Evolution since it does not contemplate the substitution of one institution for another nor a transformation that suits better for reality or for the societys need, rather than the morphology of the existing ones according to the original projection. In brief, institutions do not really want to change, those who can change it rather reaffirm it through education to avoid the costs of uncertainty and re-adaptation. Therefore, we can state that Rational Choice Institutionalism studies the ways in which an institution is reinforced and reproduced within the members of a state, by sustaining the idea that spontaneous change or diversity has more cons than pros. Also it is comprehended in this argument the idea that a functional society works better with a faulty institution than without institutions. On the other hand, Rational Choice Institutionalism face the undeniable modification of an institution, it is assumed by this view that all transformation occur within the evolutionary plan of an institution, so that it is not viewed as a change, rather than a natural development through time. And, more importantly, departing from the point that institutions are rationally constructed for the benefit of an organised society, one might al so ask, as a valid criticism, cui bono from this arrangement. Sociological Institutionalism The second current of the new institutionalism is the one that arose from organizational theory in the field of sociology. Since the work of Weber, the sociologists turn their attention to the bureaucracies that shaped structures in different societies. Whether that was on state level, private enterprises, educational organizations, etc. Later in the 1970s, the need to separate those who study organizations from those focused on culture related analysis was explicit. But opposing to this, the new form of institutionalism arrived. It stated that the way bureaucracies where organized was not predicated on the premise of the greater efficiency, but they were often shaped to its core by the particular culture surrounding the structure in question. They found that this mandatory resemblance to the cultural identity was, in that way, in order to secure and support the complex process of cultural transmission. From this perspective, we can say that it seeks to answer the question of why do certain organizations take a particular shape and form (Hall and Taylor, 1996). Sociological Institutionalism is concerned with the legitimacy of organizations and bureaucracy. This branch of institutionalism considers that legitimate institutions get bureaucratized essentially following the norms that culture imposes. That is to say, institutions are shaped by culture, to the point that it is difficult to find two with a perfect resemblance since they must be adapted to the context in which they are reproduced or take place. Although certain degree of affinity can be found, for example, in the education systems of different countries, which researchers of this form of new institutionalism call isomorphism. If it is so that culture is the ultimate determinant of the shape of organizations and the structures of institutions, then there would be no room in this current for this type of isomorphism, but said concept is cleverly explained by the natural similarity of the needs of every human community in the world. Since we all have the same basic needs, and advance s in those specific areas have been done to make them more efficient, it is logical to think that structures in some degree will copy a functioning model (Meyer and Rowan, 1977). The most important factor for a social behaviour to be transformed into an institution and ultimately bureaucratized is the legitimacy gained among the actors of the society (Finnemore, 1996). The State is considered to be the ultimate example of such phenomenon. Finnemore (1996) argues that institutions are constantly challenged because of the contradictions within the dominant cultural norms, pointing at their constant need to refresh and renew their legitimacy to ensure endurance. In this idea lies the concept of institutional change according to the sociological discipline. They argue that organizations often adopt and promote new institutional practices, leaving aside the rational concern of efficiency and cost reduction, to increase the legitimacy of such organization (Hall and Taylor, 1996). Ironically, though, following Finnemore (1996), institutionalized bureaucracies are rationally substituted for other institutionalized bureaucracies for reasons that go against a rational scope. As for my opinion, sociological institutionalism does not really focuses on explaining the change in institutions but rather excuses the fact that institutions change by saying it is all a matter of the legitimacy of the organizations trying to stand the test of time. If it is so, that organizations have the power to shape the structural context of behaviour in such way as to regulate what is considered wrong and right behaviour, then there would be little stopping organizations from assuming total control of society they indirectly direct. Further, it is clear that they deny strongly the grand rational assumption that individuals act rationally (which I consider an appropriate critique) upheld by Rational Choice Institutionalism, yet they reinforce with the same effervescence the rational claim that all organizations act rationally in pursue of their interest moulding institutions accordingly. Finally, for a branch of new institutionalism that claims that context is the key concept in the development and understanding of the institutions, saying that change is only promoted by organizations, is undermining the possibilities of cultural diversity, as proven recently by the Arab Spring or , not so recently, the communist revolutions on the beginning of the 20th century. Historical Institutionalism Since the 1990s there has been an increment in the importance that ideas, economic interest and political institutions have and the relation between them. This has led to a great transformation of the historical institutionalism school trying to explain political outcomes (Bà ©land, 2005). Historical Institutionalism took great influence from structural functionalist, but for a change, they reject the idea that psychological, cultural, social or any individual trait could be extrapolated as a general characteristic of the system that contains them. Instead they suggest that institutional organizations shape the behaviour of the collective, thus generating political outcomes (Hall and Taylor, 1996). In this analysis they include the factor of rationality of the individual and the organizations but under an historical interpretation of the culture in order to decode the interpretation of both the norm and what was considered rational in such a context (Ferejohn, 1991; Thelen, 1999). This way, Historical Institutionalism has a pivotal approach that comprehends and exceed the previously two analysed (Hall and Taylor, 1996), specifically when one analyses the cultural and calculus approaches. Hay and Wincott (1998) argue that Hall and Taylor (1996) are trying to propose a dialogue between the Sociological Institutionalism and the Rational Choice Institutionalism by incorporating the cultural and calculus approaches to the Historical branch. The calculus approach assume that in every period of time, individuals tend to act strategically to maximize their gain, and institution provide a frame to make it easier to predict and limit the set of actions possible to take place. Now the Historical Institutionalism part in this approach is that the possibilities are reviewed into the historical context surrounding the decisions taken. The cultural approach contrast the calculus without denying it, analysing the degree on which individuals leave aside the rational decision, and lean to familiar structures or established routines. But for that it is necessary to comprehend the historical and contextual rational decision that was left aside and the familiar structures and established routines of such individual in that precise time (Hall and Taylor, 1996). The main contribution of Historical Institutionalism leads logically to the concept of path dependency. This is the assumption that the same processes can generate different results on different places because there are no two equal circumstances, an assumption that can be considered axiomatic, and therefor problematic (Hall and Taylor, 1996). One way to look at it is that the specific order in which things occur affect how they occur (Hay and Wincott, 1998; Fioretos, 2011). Following Fioretos (2011) the particular timing and sequence in which a phenomenon takes place contributes to four characteristics that remark the importance of context: i) unpredictability, by which it is expected that outcomes on similar events vary in great manner; ii) inflexibility, the idea that as more time passes, it gets harder to reverse the effects of such event; iii) nonergodicity, the probability that this effects can stand the test of time; iv) inefficiencies, the fact that abandoned ideas and altern atives might have produced more efficient outcomes but are out of the possibility range anymore. Another concept that is essential to path dependence is historical inefficiency (Fioretos, 2011: 376). The idea that the specific consequences of the path dependence of one precise experience would make institutional alternatives designed in a different context, far more likely to fail, despite of the fact that analysis of utility models may indicate their superior expected performance (Fioretos, 2011). The concept of path dependence, although taken from a blend between Rational Choice Institutionalism and Sociological Institutionalism, particularly from and formed inside the original contributions of Historical Institutionalism renders the first two approaches out-dated and unhelpful when talking about institutional change (Thelen, 1999). Change is comprehended as the outcomes, whether they are intended or not, of a set of strategic actions that are conceived inside the context of institutions in a definite time and space that provided the conditions needed to favour certain choices over others (Hay and Wincott, 1998). And that exact analysis is only provided by Historical Institutionalism thanks to the incorporation of calculus approach and cultural approach and path dependence. Since the concept of path dependence tell us that there is no way in which we can calculate with certainty what will be the overall cost of choosing an option over another when undergoing institutional change, considering unknown factors may intervene and affect the outcome, there is no way of formulating a model that can apply to any situation without risking a mayor margin of error (Harty, 2005). By leaving aside grand generalizations Historical Institutionalism can easily surpass the barriers of Sociological Institutionalism and Rational Choice, of assuming that organizations only use institutional change to reinforce their legitimacy and that every institutional change made in any context must fall into a rational choice, respectively. Moreover by not denying rationality, Historical Institutionalism does not fall in the contradiction of using Rational Choice to understand the behaviour of organizations or individuals, such as the case of the Sociological branch. Lastly, in my opinion, Historical Institutionalism is stronger than Rational Choice also, because it contemplates real change on institutions and not merely the evolution of them, since they hold no delusion of a supposed pre-calculated plan by institutions to transform within in order to avoid undergo real change. And is stronger than Sociological Institutionalism, also, as a result of giving the deserved and necessary level of importance to context as a determinant of the outcome and structure of the institutional change process. Conclusions We have showed that Historical Institutionalism has a more precise and deeper view of institutional change than the other forms of new institutionalism, Rational Choice Institutionalism and Sociological Institutionalism. I have compared the concept of change in the three branches, and found that Rational Choice Institutionalism and Sociological Institutionalism have a reduced view of what composes and provokes change leading to unsatisfactory conclusions that leave aside important parts of the reality without encompassing the inputs of one another. Rational Choice Institutionalism, due to its genesis, has defined a very limited scope, and only considers change to happen within and according to the institutions plan, assuming that in every step of the way, rationality is a perfect process undergone by every individual and actor in the society. Historical Institutionalism embraces a wider view of what constitutes change, enabling it to study a much substantial range of political situations that would be left out by Rational Choice. Moreover Historical Institutionalism goes as deep as to question what seemed like a rational choice in the context of analysis, providing with a view that does not deny rationality but also, does not consider it to be fixed and static. Sociological Institutionalism denies the absolute rationality that is assumed by Rational Choice Institutionalism. Scholars in this branch understand institutional change as the tool that organizations use to endure in time. They suggest that organizations are the ones that promote and seek institutional changes that fit their own maximization of benefits, but by doing this; they make use of the principle that they so firmly oppose from Rational Choice. Sociological Institutionalism only analyses context as a force that shapes the form of the institutions upheld by a society. Historical Institutionalism gives much more importance to context, saying it can determine not only the particular shape of an institution, but also argues that we should take into consideration the values and possibilities provided by the context. It also calls upon the importance of context in the elaboration of the concept path dependency under which it is understood that due to the specifics of some situatio ns, the same process may have different results. Lastly, since Historical Institutionalism does not deny rationality of actors, rather than question what rationality is, it does not fall on the contradiction that we saw on Sociological Institutionalism. We have seen how Historical Institutionalism, thanks to the calculus and cultural approaches and the path dependency concept is a synthesis of the Rational Choice Institutionalism and Sociological Institutionalism. Historical Institutionalism is capable of analysing much deeper into political phenomena by bringing together concepts of both and stating that results may not replicate in the exact same way due to the differences in context. Therefore not intending to push grand assumptions or create laws on studies and in that what being able to widen the range of situations to study. Bibliography Bà ©land, D. (2005) Ideas, Interest, and Institutions: Historical Institutionalism Revisited in Lecours, A. New Institutionalisms. Theory and Analysis, University of Toront-o Press. 29-50 Ferejohn, J. (1991) Rationality and interpretation: Parliamentary elections in early Stuart England. In Monroe K, The economic approach to politics Harper-Collins, 279-305. Finnemore, M. (1996) Norms, culture, and world politics: Insights from sociologys institutionalism, International Organization, vol. 50, no. 2, 325-47. Fioretos, O. (2011) Historical Institutionalism in Intenational Relations, International Organizations, 65, 367-99. Hall, P. and R.C.R. Taylor (1996) Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms. Political Studies, Vol. 44(5): 936 57. Harty, S. (2005) Theorising Institutional Change in Lecours, A. New Institutionalisms. Theory and Analysis, University of Toronto Press. 51-79 Hay, C. and Wincott, D. (1998) Structure, Agency, Historical Institutionalism, Political Studies, Vol. 46: 951-57. March, J.G. and Olsen, J.P. (1996) Institutional Perspectives on Political Institutions, Governance, 9 (3), 247-64. Meyer, J.W. Rowan, B. (1977) Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 83, no. 2, 340-63. Selten, R. (1975) A Reexamination on the Perfectness Concept for Equilibrium Points in Extensive games International Journal of Game Theory, 4, 25-55. Shepsle, K.A. (1989) Studying Institutions: Some Lessons from the Rational Choice Approach, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 1 (2), 131-47. Thelen, K. (1999) Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics, Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 369-404. Tsebelis, G. (1990) Nested Games: Rational Choice in Comparative Politics, University of California Press.   Ã‚  

SAINT JOHN BOSCO Essay -- essays research papers

John Bosco was born on August 16, 1815, to a poor farming family in Becchi, a small suburb of Turin, Italy. The child grew to be the â€Å"Beloved Apostle of Youth†. One of John Bosco’s earliest recollections occurred at age two. He remembers his mother telling him upon his father’s death , â€Å"You have no father now†. Although he stated that he could not remember what his father was like , his death must have had a profound effect on him and perhaps sparked his desire to help troubled boys, many of whom were fatherless. I cannot say that I have suffered the loss of a close family member and can only imagine the effect it could have on my life. From the time he was a young child, John Bosco seemed to have a clear understanding of God’s ways; and what he didn’t understand was often made clear to him by his mother â€Å"Mama Margaret†. She seemed to know, even at an early age, that her son was destined to do good in the name of God. She taught him by example from an early age and continued to support him and all his good works throughout his life. She eventually joined him at he Oratory and became â€Å"Mother† to hundreds of boys. Her positive influence was felt by all of those boys. It was almost as if the Blessed Mother worked through her good example and words of wisdom. Mama Margaret warned her son to â€Å"beware of bad boys you may meet on your journey through life†. and asked him one day, â€Å"Why do you go with such bad boys?† How many mothers have echoed similar words? How confident John Bosco was in the power of his good example when he replied, â€Å"If I am with them they are better and do not say bad words†. Wouldn’t this world be a better place if we all had such confidence and faith in the power our own good example. As a young child, John Bosco had the ability to attract young boys. He went out of his way to study â€Å"traveling show† folk to learn acrobatic and sleight of hand tricks to entertain the boys who would gather around him. After a performance he would discuss a sermon from a recent Mass or lead the group in a hymn. If people started to leave he would tell them that they couldn’t come back and see more tricks unless they stayed for the sermon. Of course they remained. At age nine John had a dream that clearly indicated his intentions of becoming a priest. Mama Margaret understood this dream and set out to educate her son and prepare him for First Holy Communio... ...ready does exist, but we haven’t taken notice yet. I have to admit that mothers seem to have this ability to sense when we are about to get into trouble whether we know it or not. Needless to say, John Bosco worked tirelessly for his boys. A doctor had commented that his body seemed like that of a much older man. Perhaps that was because John Bosco never refused a request from anyone in need. He gave generously of his time, his energy, and his wisdom. He died on January 31, 1888 and was canonized in 1934. While reading this book I could not help but recognize the similarities between John Bosco’s Oratories and our school. There is clearly a feeling of brotherhood among the students at Don Bosco Prep. I remember how we all laughed during orientation when we were told about this feeling of brotherhood, but all of us now agree that it exists. We are led by the good example of our teachers and priests, are made to follow a code of discipline, and are provided academic and religious instruction. It is an atmosphere that guides us in choosing between right and wrong and hopefully gives us confidence and faith in the power of our own good example. The work of Saint John Bosco continues!

Reflections on the Course Counter Terrorism

During these troubled times, I do believe that it is important for students to be well aware of the things which can create fear within and pose a threat to the whole community. For the past few years, the threats in the international as well as local communities have created a great change in the perspective of the people regarding security. Many have been threatened and manipulated by the fear and paranoia that they could be victims of terrorist attacks. Because of this, counter terrorism policies and measures must be implemented to uphold national security and lessen the fear of the public.While serving the country as part of the U. S. Army, I have been a witness to and became directly involved in the actions taken by our government against the prevailing violence in the United States. Reflecting upon the things I learned and encountered, I came to realize the importance of counter terrorism in establishing security and upholding peace. Thus, upon taking this course, I do expect t hat I will considerably learn about counter terrorism in the perspective of the current and past governments, study the various counter terrorism policies and measures, and understand the reason why some of them work while others have been rendered ineffective.Learning about these things will certainly aid me in fulfilling my duty to fight terrorism not only as a member of the U. S. Army but as a citizen of this country. I also expect that a portion of this subject will be dedicated to peace studies which I hope will include the ideologies of Martin Luther King Jr. , Mahatma Gandhi, and other peace advocates. Exploring this topic would be beneficial for the students taking this course, especially for someone like me who is part of the Army, as learning about peace would help me to further grasp the depth and weight of my duty to my country.

What It Tkes to Be an Successful College Student

What Does It Take To Be A Successful College Student? By: Vera Ioveino-Swett Some might say good grades and attending class is what it takes; however success is roe than just good grades and attendance. Success within life, education, or within anything we do comes through hard work and dedication. In our lifetimes we all have learned from our experiences as well as our education; success is one’s desire to become a better them, in addition to committing themselves to the path/journey which take them to their success of dreams and goals, something I like to call our finish line.We hold the key to succeed in our hands, as well as whether we succeed or fail lies and depends on us. Becoming a successful college student can be challenging at times and very frustrating. Many students attend college not fully knowing what it takes to be successful within their education, as well as that journey. Students who might have been an ‘A’ student in high school come to then fin d themselves just sot stressed and struggling with the challenges academically in college. Here are some strategies that will help you to achieve becoming the most successful student you can be.These are tips in which I follow, as well as only work for you as long as you dedicate yourself to them, and achieve what it is out of your education and life journey you seek. (If you can see it, you can achieve it). Strategies for College Success Strategy #1 – never be afraid to seek out help if and when you really need it. Strategy #2 – Create/develop a strategy plan that works within your learning style and preferences; in addition that will keep you focused and motivated. What might work for one, might not for another. Everyone is different. Strategy #3 – Make and set S. M. A. R.T Goals for yourself to ensure you reach what you would like to gain and achieve out of your term, semester, calluses, etc. They can consist of long-term, short-term or both. However, donâ₠¬â„¢t make too many because it can become overwhelming, and distract you from achieving any or beginning them. You should also write your goals out on paper as well or on a sticky note so it is not just in your mind. This way seeing your goals in front of you on paper daily, will help you in becoming successful in accomplishing what it is you want to achieve. This can also help you not forget that you made a goal list.You can even reward yourself after each goal you accomplished/achieved to keep you motivated on knocking out the next one. It also helps develop goal-setting habits that will contribute to success within your life. Strategy #4 – Manage your time. Having good time- management, is key for success in college, but also adds a plus within your personal life as well as career. You can make a To Do List each day either for the week, month or both to help assist you remain, and stay on track. You also may want to after creating this list to find and delete/reduce your b iggest time-wasters.Example – Instead of having a quick study session: create a 1 hour bock time to study that gives you 5-10 min breaks. Another would be – examine how much time you need for each class. So for let’s say an 3 credit hour class, you would want to give yourself around 6 hours of outside time each week; instead of trying to do it all at the last minute You will also gain a plus in this as well by remembering material effectively and longer. Another thing is to make sure to say NO to those who keep you away from your studies as well as activities like Facebook, or X-box, etc.Strategy #5 – Make sure to attend class as scheduled. Attending Seminar’s/class as scheduled will ensure you succeed in your classes because your professor can go over questions you may have as well as will go over material that just learning from your textbook doesn’t cut it or ensure remembering material or clarifying it. Being a part of an active class ca n also have you gain access to classmate’s questions or concerns which may be on a homework assignment or quiz in which your professor will go over and even may provide the answer to, or steps to how the answer is reached which is always a plus.Strategy #6 – Take notes. One way you may want to take notes is within a way that is systematic and becomes beneficial for exams, projects quizzes, etc. make sure to always date, and place the name of the class, Unit, Chapter, as well as titles and subtitles in your notes that are being discussed, and shown. Write down terms, definition’s, key points, examples, graphs, and diagrams; this will come in handy for review on/for tests, quizzes, projects, and studying later on. Do not write word from word as I do.Summarize discussions your professor is explaining in your own words except for terms and items mentioned above. Strategy #7 – READ! READ! READ! Make sure to preview the chapter rubrics, projects, assignments, e tc. beforehand. It’s the same as when you preview a movie or a video game before purchasing it. This way you can get an idea of what the chapter, etc. will focus on. Then read the Introduction, and learning objectives in the chapter. This will give you a purpose to what you will achieve. One thing I found easier is to read a section first then go back to highlight the material.This will not just help with looing your spot, but also help to consume the material from your STM to your LTM since you will be reciting the material again as you highlight. You can then read out loud, important points, ideas, etc. , to ensure you understand the material and even have a family member or friend test you. Strategy #8 – Preparing for your Midterms/Finals. You are being prepared for your big tests from the very start of the first day of class. So everything from there on is to prepare you for what’s to come.First day I would open and copy the rubrics to Midterm, Final, exams then view each of them. One to two weeks before exams, consolidate all your notes (textbooks, seminar, discussions etc. ), review, and even place your rough draft threw the Writing Center for suggestions, and advice on grammar, formatting, citations, and sentence structure. The Writing Center pap0er review is a great way to ensure success for your finals, midterms, projects, as well as all written papers. When it comes to your tests/finals/midterms, make sure to always be prepared.Read all instructions and follow each one according to your professor’s rubrics. Don’t spend a lot of time on one question, you can always come back to it later on, and remember to always stay calm, though some anxiety is completely normal. Have Fun! Being organized, focused, and determined as you find your strategy plan, will bring you 100% success within and along your educational journey. Here’s a quote I live by and that helped me to get here today: In order to succeed you must fai l, so that you know what not to do next time. – Anthony J. D’Angelo-

Racial Targeting essays

Racial Targeting essays The practice of targeting individuals for police investigation based on their race alone in the last few years has been an increasingly prominent issue in American society. Numerous magazines, newspapers, and journals have explored the issue of race-motivated police actions. Recently, the ABA Journal did a study of New Jersey and Pennsylvania traffic stops from 1998 to 2001, concluding that black drivers were more likely to be pulled over and arrested than whites. The study also delves into the legal ramifications of the 1996 United States Supreme Court ruling in the Whren v. United States case, which held that police officers subjective motivation for stopping a motorist on the highway was irrelevant as long as a probable cause was present - such as a traffic violation existed for making the stop. The Whren court decision validated the pretext stop, which occurs when police officers ostensibly stop motorists for traffic violations but are in fact motivated by the desire to obt ain evidence of other crimes. Police officers, however, argue that racial profiling is common sense and is sensible, statistically based tool that enables them to focus their energies efficiently for providing protection against crime to law a-biding citizen. In Taylor and Whitney, a study investigating the existence of an empirical basis for racial profiling and crime, they concluded that society must acknowledge the statistics behind crime rates in order to understand the concept of racial profiling; such information is available in annual crime reports. Statistics are facts and numbers which cannot be disputed and provide the experiential basis for racial profiling. The FBI Bulletin also addressed the necessity to consider statistics in addressing the issue of racial profiling. However, unlike Taylor and Whitney who argue for the use of statistics to support racial profiling, the FBI Bulletin promotes the usage of statistics in order to red...

CARE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Evolution Of Religions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Doctors and patients Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Dominos Pizza Essay Example for Free

Dominos Pizza Essay Dominos Pizza UK ILR plc Parent company listed on the AIM. Dominos Pizza Group Ltd Runs Dominos Pizza in the UK and Ireland, holds the exclusive franchise license to own, operate and franchise the Dominos brand. Dominos Corporate Team Based at Milton Keynes, comprising over 200 employees. The Leadership Team Responsible for strategic decision-making. Marketing Understanding customers needs and publicising the Dominos brand. Developing new products and use of technology. Food Service Manufacturing fresh pizza dough and sourcing fresh ingredients. Buying in or inventing equipment. Information Technology Technology and e-commerce activities. Property Acquires store premises, oversees planning permission applications and refurbishes stores. Flawless Execution Not a form of capital punishment! Actually, Dominos training and operations, including career development and store check activities. Finance Organises finance for franchisees, as well as overseeing cashflow, budget planning, sales and purchase ledgers, payroll, accounts and credit services What is its mission statement? Exceptional People On A Mission To Be The Best Pizza Delivery Company In The World. This is part of Dominos Vision and Guiding Principles including these statements: * We Demand Integrity * Our People Come First. * We Take Great Care Of Our Customers. * We Make Perfect 10 Pizzas Every Day. * We Operate With Smart Hustle and Positive Energy Source: Dominos Pizza Web site What is their field of operation? Dominos Pizza The UK pizza delivery and takeaway market. This market was estimated to be worth nearly ? 450 million in 2000. What are their main products? Pizzas and other home delivery fast foods. Our Unique Products Reasons why we guarantee you’ll love our Hot Wow Pizzas! 1. Our Crusts Our world famous Classic Hand Tossedâ„ ¢ and New York crusts are hand stretched from fresh dough 2. Our Sauces Domino’s Signature Sauce – Made from fresh vine-ripened tomatoes Top Secret Sauce – An aromatic blend of creamy, cheesy flavors with an unmistakable garlic zest! Spicy Sambal Sauce – For those who like a bit of spice in their life! 3. Our Cheese we use generous amounts of 100% mozzarella cheese 4. Our Toppings We top all our pizzas with only the highest quality meats and the freshest ingredients 5. Finally, all our pizzas are made fresh as soon as you place your order What are their main brands? The Domino name carries the companys main brand as market leader in its field of operation. The companys logo is a distinctive part of the business brand. The three dots domino image comes from the founders idea that originally he would open three stores. Dominos HeatWave delivery bags, introduced into the UK in 2000, contain a patented disc that is pre-heated electrically. The companys use of this innovation is used as a marketing tool in its cable and satellite TV advertising. Where is their head office? The companys UK headquarters are at:Lasborough Road,Kingston,Milton Keynes. MK10 0AB. UK. When did the company start? The business was founded in the USA in 1960 by Tom Monaghan, who ran the business until retiring in 1998, when he sold the company for $1billion. By using the concept of franchising where other people are encouraged to invest money to open their own pizza store, Dominos quickly expanded to the point where it is the worlds largest pizza delivery company and the eighth largest fast food brand. In 2002 there was a total of more than 7000 stores in 64 markets worldwide, employing over 250 000 staff and involving more than 2000 franchises. Dominos started trading in the UK in 1985 with a store in Luton. In 2002 there were over 200 stores in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Who are its shareholders? Dominos Pizza UK IRL plc is quoted on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange (symbol: DOM). Who are their major competitors? The UK pizza delivery and takeaway market consists of many small businesses and the big three firms: Perfect Pizza, with over 200 outlets, Pizza Hut which has 170 restaurants and also delivers and Dominos. In Britain, pizzas are delivered by restaurants and a large range of outlets that also sell other food, like burgers and kebabs. It is estimated that there are as many as 4,000 pizza delivery companies. A look at a key feature of Dominos business. The Future Foundation Report (2003) was commissioned by Dominos Pizza to analyse the social, economic, demographic and technological factors likely to impact on the UK pizza delivery and takeaway market for the remainder of this decade. The following are some of the key points raised by the report: Lack of time the research shows that, on average, adults in the UK eat out and/or eat delivered/take-away meals around 80 times a year. The Foundation looks at the impact of freeing up time normally spent on preparing food at home, as creating a time oasis. Higher levels of disposable income real disposable household income is expected to increase by nearly 12% over the next five years resulting in more opportunity for expenditure on home delivered food. Demographic change over a twenty to thirty year period, the numbers of older people will continue to increase. The research suggests that firms in the home delivery market can benefit from this by building and keeping brand loyalty amongst a generation of people who have grown up as pizza consumers and whose incomes and affluence are likely to grow. In addition, there is expected to be a decline in the traditional family structure, which coupled with increasingly individualised tastes, will result in fewer formal family meals at home. Leisure activities the next decade will see more choice of a greater range of leisure activities. The research suggests that spending on home-delivered food and take-aways will continue increasing by 2. 5% a year on average during the next five years. Technology In the short term, (the five years from the date of the report), more people will have access to interactive technologies, up from. 70% today to 90%, and the number of broadband users will rise. These people will become better at and more confident about e-commerce and buying food online. The report indicates that home food delivery firms already active in this area are likely to be especially successful. What is the companys vision for growth? The company has a 20% share of the UK pizza delivery and takeaway market. This market was estimated to be worth nearly ? 450 million in 2000. At present, 20 percent of all pizzas consumed are delivered. This figure is expected to increase to 40 percent. Home delivery now makes up 70% of the total take-away and home delivered food sector, up from 62% in 1997. The Future Foundations report (see The Business section of this case study) estimates that the UKs home delivery pizza market will more than double by 2010 to approximately ? 800 million. Dominos believe that their business model and brand strength place them well to exploit this growth. Fast growth in franchised stores is planned, coupled with more aggressive marketing including terrestrial TV advertising and local store initiatives What is their policy on ensuring best quality product? Dominos HeatWave delivery bags contain a patented disc that is pre-heated electrically. This innovation, combined with the bags 3M Thinsulate lining and water-repellent nylon exterior, keeps the pizza hot during delivery. Pizza packaging plays an important part in ensuring the quality of the product on which the success of the business is based. Retaining heat and dispersing steam are the chief features of Dominos pizza packaging. Dominos training and operations, including career development and store check activities, through its Flawless Executions department, is another important element of the companys quality management. Packaging and the environment is clearly also a concern of Dominos. They state that more than 80% of the corrugated board used in their pizza boxes is made from recycled paper. The remainder is sourced from sustainable forests. The company encourages its customers to recycle their box packaging. The packaging for a pizza plays an important part in the marketing of the business: it carries the companys distinctive logo, and it also carries the product on which the success of the business is based. Protecting the product, retaining heat and dispersing steam are the chief functional features of Dominos pizza packaging. What sort of people work for the firm? Think about the type of person who wants to become a Dominos franchisee. What qualities do you think potential franchisees should have? What are the risks and what are the potential benefits? Do they have an equal opportunities policy? Yes. Dominos Pizza state that they are committed to the development of positive policies to promote equality of opportunity in employment. They aim to ensure that no job applicant or employee receives less favourable treatment on the grounds of sex, marital status, race, colour, creed, ethnic origin, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, age or disability. By how much has their workforce grown over recent years? In both 2001 and 2002 Dominos opened more than 225 new stores. Running each store takes a team of about 25 people. Team member numbers should therefore have risen significantly over this period. How are their employees motivated? Employees (or team members, as Dominos term them) are motivated and trained to offer high standards of customer service. Franchisees and their staff teams have access to training programmes and can attend corporate events in the UK and abroad. An awards system operates and some Dominos team members go on to buy their own franchise. It costs a fee of around ? 160 000 for the right to open your own Dominos Pizza store. This sum buys a fully-fitted store and enables the franchisee to use the company brand image, ingredients, recipes, marketing materials and packaging. The company does offer a finance service for franchisees. Can I have some information about product development? The company has developed or invented many of the systems and pieces of equipment that are now used as standard by the industry. Examples of these include: * Dominos HeatWave delivery bags, introduced into the UK in 2000, contain a patented disc that is pre-heated electrically. This innovation, combined with the bags 3M Thinsulate lining and water-repellent nylon exterior, keeps the pizza hot during delivery. * Nationwide service system through Internet and interactive TV ordering. What is their brand positioning? Dominos calculate that their brand awareness is 81% and that this is partly as a result of their sponsorship of The Simpsons, and also their marketing of the launch of their HeatWave heated delivery system. Can you give me some information about a recent marketing campaign? Dominos nationwide service system through Internet and interactive TV ordering is beginning to show results, with its e-commerce net sales increasing by over 25% in the six months to July 2002, totalling ? 1. 9 million. The company believe that their continued sponsorship of The Simpsons on the Sky TV service and increased advertising on cable and satellite channels gives them an unchallenged position at the forefront of delivered food by e-commerce. DOMINOS MALAYSIA ABOUT US Domino’s Malaysia – Milestones’s and Achievements. 1997: Tom Monaghan, the founder of Dominos Pizza Inc, officially launched Dominos Pizza Malaysia in September 1997. 1998: The Crunchy Thin Crustâ„ ¢ pizza was introduced storewide. Dominos Malaysias commissary was recognized in the Annual Dominos International Audit as the Best Commissary in Asia Pacific. Dominos Malaysia embarks on its first community programme, the Dominos Points for Pizza Programme in support of education. Dominos partners in this 6-month programme were Hewlett Packard and Insoft. Dominos Malaysia holds the first Fastest Pizza Maker Competition. 1999: Launch of Dominos delivery number 1300-888-333 In December, Dominos expanded its operations to the state of Johor with the opening of 3 stores concurrently. Dominos Malaysia embarks on another 6-month charity campaign and aids two charitable homes, Rumah Ozanam and Montfort Boys Town through the Dominos Community Support Programme by raising a total of RM20,000 for both homes. Keeping true to their commitment to work and road safety, Dominos Malaysia organized the first Dominos Safety Rodeo to instill sound driving habits and knowledge in their delivery. riders. Tan Sri Dato Lee Lam Thye, Chairman of NIOSH officiated the event. The Dominos Millennium Gold Card launched in November. The card offers a Buy 1 Free 1 privilege. 2000: Launch of our first pasta-based side item, Spaghetti Chicken Bolognese Launch of our first dessert side item, Dominos Premium Ice Cream, available in Chocolate and Vanilla flavors. 2 Uniquely Malaysian pizza flavors, Spicy Sambal and Flaming Tuna were introduced featuring a sambal sauce in place of tomato pizza sauce. 2001: In July Dominos opens Gurney Plaza in The Pearl of the Orient, Penang. A second dessert was added to the local menu with the introduction of CinnaStix a tasty dessert treat of cinnamon bread sticks. The latest oven-hot sensation Chicken Lasagna is introduced. 2002: Banana Kaya Dessert, a delectable offering of kaya, banana slices and icing sugar on a pizza crust, is introduced. A product uniquely Malaysian. 2003: Dominos launches Malaysias first fastfood on line ordering portal (recognized by the Malaysian Book of Records). 2004: Double Decker Crust is launched a base of 2 Crunchy Thin Crust â„ ¢ with a layer of creamy cheddar cheese sauce sandwiched inbetween. 2005: Dominos partners with Dato George Ting resulting in rapid store expansion. Dominos arrives in Seremban with the opening of its Yam Tuan store. 2006: Dominos opens its second store in Penang, Taman Inderawasih Prai. Syed Zubair Abdul Hamid, a Dominos pizza employee sets a new record for Fastest Pizza Maker, making 3 Large pizzas in 69 seconds. (Recognized by the Malaysian Book of Records). 2007: Dominos celebrates its 10 Year Anniversary. 2008: Dominos Express Card was launched in January, replacing the Millenium Goldcard, this card offers a Buy 1 Pizza Free 1 pizza privilege. The New York crust was introduced to the Malaysian market. This featured the very first extra-large 15-inch pizza by an international franchise pizza brand in Malaysia. 2009: Domino’s launched its Incredible Meals from RM10 per person. The Terminate Your Hunger campaign brought Domino’s the Terminator franchise together, a first of its kind collaboration for Domino’s. RM40,000 was raised for Hope Worldwide Malaysia’s Food for the Poor program through out charity screening of Terminator Salvation movie. Our Unique Products Reasons why we guarantee you’ll love our Hot Wow Pizzas! 1. Our Crusts Our world famous Classic Hand Tossedâ„ ¢ and New York crusts are hand stretched from fresh dough 2. Our Sauces Domino’s Signature Sauce – Made from fresh vine-ripened tomatoes Top Secret Sauce – An aromatic blend of creamy, cheesy flavors with an unmistakable garlic zest! Spicy Sambal Sauce – For those who like a bit of spice in their life! 3. Our Cheese we use generous amounts of 100% mozzarella cheese 4. Our Toppings We top all our pizzas with only the highest quality meats and the freshest ingredients 5. Finally, all our pizzas are made fresh as soon as you place your order Our Guarantees As the Pizza Delivery Expertsâ„ ¢ what do we offer? Everytime you order Domino’s, we guarantee you can expect hot, fresh great tasting pizzas on time. | | 30-Minutes Delivery Guarantee! | | Domino’s is the only pizza company that guarantees your order will arrive within 30 minutes or we’ll give you a free Regular Pizza voucher! | | Product Satisfaction Guarantee| | Domino’s guarantees satisfaction! Your pizza is guaranteed to be hot, fresh, and great tasting when it arrives at your doorstep, otherwise we’ll replace your order or refund your money. | | 15-Minute Take-Away Guarantee| | Dominos guarantees youll receive your Take-Away orders within 15 minutes or well give you a RM10 off your next pizza purchase voucher| Nett Pricing Domino’s pricing is all inclusive. We do not add any extra charges for delivery. So what you see is what you pay. No surprises.